The most common cause of bleeding gums is gum disease, though there are several other factors that could make the gums more prone to bleeding. Sometimes, the cause of bleeding gums is evident; for example, if you have an ill-fitting denture that rubs your gums, or if you’ve scraped your gums while brushing, the injury will bleed just like any other injury. More frequent or chronic bleeding gums could be a sign of gum disease, periodontal disease, other dental conditions, certain vitamin deficiencies, or diseases or disorders of the blood. Effective oral hygiene, which includes a daily brushing and flossing routine along with periodic visits to the dentist, can help prevent gum disease, and if your gums are bleeding for another reason, you and your dentist can discuss your best options while you consult with your medical provider.
Gum disease develops when dental plaque accumulates at the gum line. Plaque is a naturally occurring sticky film that forms on the teeth when bacteria mixes with food debris. Brushing and flossing the teeth can remove most of the plaque that forms, but there might be areas that are harder to reach, and some plaque is invariably left behind. Once plaque starts to calcify on the teeth, it can only be removed by a dental professional. If your gums are bleeding and your dentist diagnoses early gum disease, treatment is efficient and painless and symptoms can be reversed. If gum disease continues to progress, the gums will bleed more regularly and noticeably as the oral tissues succumb to infection; without treatment, the teeth will eventually fall out and the bone of the jaw will deteriorate. It’s clear that early intervention is key, and regular dental checkups are the best line of defense.
If your dentist determines that you don’t have gum disease and your gums continue to bleed, ask your doctor for a blood test to check for vitamin deficiencies. Lack of vitamins K and C can make the gums more prone to bleeding, and dietary changes, combined with supplements when needed, can help replenish the body’s nutrient supply and restore the gums to health. Vitamins K and C are found in a variety of richly colored fruits and vegetables, like citrus, broccoli, and bell peppers, and they are also present in vibrant leafy greens, soybeans, and olive oil.
If your gums bleed because of ill-fitting dentures or an orthodontic appliance, ask your dentist or orthodontist if an adjustment is possible or if they have other recommendations for remedying the problem. The gums may also become more sensitive and prone to bleeding during times of significant hormone fluctuation, like pregnancy, and may require more frequent dental checkups and cleanings. If your gums are bleeding because of a medical condition or as a side effect of medication, your dentist can help you maintain your oral health while you undergo medical treatments and address your overall health. Your dentist and dental hygienist can also help you maintain your oral health, reducing the occurrence of bleeding gums with regularly scheduled professional cleanings that include recommendations and instructions for effective home hygiene.