Dental implants are an exceptional solution for the replacement of missing teeth. While implant surgery has an incredibly high success rate, it may not be a good option for all patients. Some patients may not be a good candidate for the procedure and there is a potential for complications. Below is a summary of possible long-term issues and complications associated with dental implants.
Dental implants are the leading solution for replacing missing teeth. The base of the implant is a screw-like device, made from incredibly strong titanium. The dental professional will surgically place the implant directly into the jawbone. The implant actually fuses to the jawbone during the healing process, forming a strong and secure base. The implant serves as the root of the artificial crown and provides necessary support. The implant is able to effectively restore the function and appearance of the tooth, stabilize the jawbone, and prevent the loss of additional bone or teeth.
Dental implants are arguably the best tooth-replacement option available, but there is a risk for certain complications which are summarized below.
Receding Gums
Following the implant procedure, it is possible for patients to experience gum recession. Receding gums can cause inflammation and pain. When the issue is detected and treated in a timely manner, the implant can often be preserved.
Infection
Another common complication associated with dental implants is infection. The treatment of the infection can vary based on the severity of the problem. Patients with a bacterial infection of the gums may simply need antibiotics. In some cases, a tissue graft may be needed. If there is a bacterial infection present in the bone, more complex treatment is often necessary. The dental professional will likely need to remove any infected bone tissue in addition to the implant. The procedure is often followed by a soft tissue and bone graft.
Healing
A critical component of the implant procedure involves the implant fusing to the jawbone during the healing process. This is critical to the success of the implant and can take several months to complete following the surgical placement of the implant. In cases where the implant fails to properly fuse to the bone, it may need to be removed. Following the healing of the gums, the dentist may try to redo the implant procedure. This will vary from patient to patient.
Nerve or Tissue Damage
While it is rare, it is possible for the oral surgeon or dentist to place the implant too close to a nerve. This can cause numbness, tingling, and general discomfort. Short-term symptoms are more likely; however, patients can experience long-term symptoms too. Immediate treatment is required as nerve or tissue damage can be quite serious. Damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a serious risk. The IAN is located in the lower jaw and an injury of this nerve can include the following symptoms:
- Numbness around the implant which may extend to the lower lip or chin
- Pain or discomfort which last beyond a few days
- Tingling, tickling, or burning sensation of the gums or skin
Sinus Issues
Another possible complication associated with implants is complications associated with the sinuses. Implants that are placed in the upper jaw have the potential to reach into the sinus cavities, causing sinusitis or inflammation of the sinuses. Symptoms associated with this condition are summarized below:
- Yellow or green nasal mucus
- Nasal stuffiness or blockage
- Pain, toothache, or swelling of the areas around the sinuses
- Poor sense of smell
- Sinus headache
- Fever
- Bad breath
Dental implants have a high success rate of more than 90%. The following can increase a patient’s risk for complications: smoking, diabetes, gum disease, radiation therapy, and certain medications.